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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">spring cloud alibaba小白教程系列之（三）Sentinel的搭建与使用</h1>
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                <h1 id="spring-cloud-alibaba小白教程系列之（三）Sentinel的搭建与使用"><a href="#spring-cloud-alibaba小白教程系列之（三）Sentinel的搭建与使用" class="headerlink" title="spring cloud alibaba小白教程系列之（三）Sentinel的搭建与使用"></a>spring cloud alibaba小白教程系列之（三）Sentinel的搭建与使用</h1><p>先扯两句，不知道掘友们有没有发现，在掘金社区里全都大神，而且有意思的是，通过观察每个大神的头像，我才惊奇的发现，现在在社区里缺少<code>师傅</code>、<code>二师兄</code>、<code>沙师弟</code>. 哈哈！！！！！！</p>
<p>声明：本人不是大神，还占用了<code>大师兄</code>真是惭愧。我就是技术界的小白，希望能成为技术大神，梦想还是要有的，万一实现了那，哈哈哈！！！</p>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>先简单说一下sentinel是什么，能干些什么。这里引用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D">sentinel官网</a>。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Sentinel是分布式系统的流量防卫兵。	</p>
<p>Sentinel 以流量为切入点，从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>sentinel其实就是相当于spring cloud中的Hystrix。				</p>
<p>sentinel分为两个部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>核心库（java客户端）：不依赖任何框架&#x2F;库，能够运行于所有的java运行的环境，同时对Dubbo、spring cloud等框架也有较好的支持。</li>
<li>控制台（Dashboard）：基于spring boot开发，打包后可以直接运行，不需要额外的Tomcat等应用容器。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="下载与安装"><a href="#下载与安装" class="headerlink" title="下载与安装"></a>下载与安装</h2><h3 id="下载"><a href="#下载" class="headerlink" title="下载"></a>下载</h3><p>下载地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/tag/1.7.2">sentinel 1.7.2 版本</a>。</p>
<p>sentinel的下载与nacos一样，下载后的都是可以直接运行的jar包，都是基于spring boot开发。</p>
<h3 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h3><blockquote>
<p>注意：sentinel默认会使用<code>8080</code>端口，如果想使用其它端口可以使用命令：</p>
<ul>
<li>java -Dserver.port&#x3D;8081 -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.2.jar   来指定端口。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>运行启动sentinel，然后输入<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://loalhost:8080/">http://loalhost:8080</a> 我这里使用的是默认端口，启动成功会看到如下截图，用户名和密码都是<code>snetienl</code>。</p>
<p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfjt3nv538j31k40u0td0.jpg" alt="image-20200607163008125"></p>
<p>登陆成功后会显示：</p>
<p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfjt4bw9rnj31qj0u0gqy.jpg" alt="image-20200607163048598"></p>
<p>到这里就证明sentinel安装成功了。接下来我们来搭建项目来使用sentinel。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>说明：页面上什么也没有，也说明这个页面是实时收集数据的。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="新建module"><a href="#新建module" class="headerlink" title="新建module"></a>新建module</h2><p>本文之直接新建module，方便演示，也为了和其它demo区分开。如果是真实项目可以直接在项目中改造。创建module就不多说了，如果还不会的小伙伴可以看我之前的写的教程。</p>
<h2 id="修改pom"><a href="#修改pom" class="headerlink" title="修改pom"></a>修改pom</h2><p>修改pom.xml文件，增加配置，如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="改yaml配置"><a href="#改yaml配置" class="headerlink" title="改yaml配置"></a>改yaml配置</h2><p>修改application.yml配置文件，如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight yml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">server:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">port:</span> <span class="number">8801</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">spring:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">cloud:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">nacos:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">discovery:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">server-addr:</span> <span class="number">127.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.1</span><span class="string">:8848</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">sentinel:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">transport:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">dashboard:</span> <span class="number">127.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.1</span><span class="string">:8080</span> <span class="comment"># sentinel地址</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">port:</span> <span class="number">8179</span> <span class="comment"># 默认8179 如果被占用会自动加1依次开始扫描，直到找到未注册端口</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">application:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">sentinel-server</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">management:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">endpoints:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">web:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">exposure:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">include:</span> <span class="string">&#x27;*&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="修改启动类"><a href="#修改启动类" class="headerlink" title="修改启动类"></a>修改启动类</h2><p>启动类增加<code>@EnableDiscoveryClient</code>注解</p>
<h2 id="增加业务测试类"><a href="#增加业务测试类" class="headerlink" title="增加业务测试类"></a>增加业务测试类</h2><p>创建业务测试类<code>TestController</code>。随便写两个测试方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> fujie.feng</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@Date</span> 2020-05-25</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">TestController</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@GetMapping(&quot;/test&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">test</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;success&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@GetMapping(&quot;/app&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">testApp</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;app&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="测试验证"><a href="#测试验证" class="headerlink" title="测试验证"></a>测试验证</h2><blockquote>
<p>启动新建的module，前提是先启动nacos和sentinel。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>访问新增的业务类测试地址，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8801/test">http://localhost:8801/test</a> 和 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8801/app">http://localhost:8801/app</a>, 然后我们刷新sentinel的页面就可以看到如下截图，</p>
<p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfk3m5vmz7j31i00u07cz.jpg" alt="image-20200607223350643"></p>
<p>到此，sentinel就搭建完成了。</p>
<h2 id="简单使用sentinel"><a href="#简单使用sentinel" class="headerlink" title="简单使用sentinel"></a>简单使用sentinel</h2><h3 id="流控规则"><a href="#流控规则" class="headerlink" title="流控规则"></a>流控规则</h3><p>先简单说明一下流控规则：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>资源名：唯一名称，默认请求路径。</p>
<p>针对来源：sentinel可以针对调用者进行限流，填写微服务名称，默认default（不区分来源）。</p>
<p>阈值类型&#x2F;单机阈值：</p>
<ul>
<li>QPS：每秒钟的请求数量，当调用该api的QPS达到阈值的时候，进行限流</li>
<li>线程数：当调用该api的线程数达到阈值的时候，进行限流。</li>
</ul>
<p>是否集群：不需要集群</p>
<p>流控模式：</p>
<ul>
<li>直接：api达到限流条件时，直接限流。</li>
<li>关联：当关联的资源达到阈值时，就限流自己</li>
<li>链路：只记录指定链路上的限流（指定资源从入口资源进来的流量，如果达到阈值，就进行限流）（api级别的针对来源）</li>
</ul>
<p>流控效果：</p>
<ul>
<li>快速失败：直接失败，抛异常。</li>
<li>Warm Up：根据codeFactor（冷加载因子，默认3）的值，从阈值&#x2F;codeFactor，经过预热时长，才达到设置的QPS阈值。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="新建流控规则"><a href="#新建流控规则" class="headerlink" title="新建流控规则"></a>新建流控规则</h3><p>增加流控规则有两种方式，一种是在簇点联路中列出来的列表信息中直接编辑，另一种是在流控规则中直接添加，这里采用第二种方式，在流控规则中直接增加，如果所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfk4dyb62tj327u0u0q9d.jpg" alt="image-20200607230032029"></p>
<p>可以按照截图中的顺序依次操作。</p>
<p>我这里流控的是<code>/test</code> 请求，阈值类型选择的是QPS，单机阈值是1。</p>
<p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfk4h8g12dj31240siwh8.jpg" alt="image-20200607230348662"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>流控规则说明：&#x2F;test每次只能请求一次</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="验证规则"><a href="#验证规则" class="headerlink" title="验证规则"></a>验证规则</h3><p>这时，我们可以访问<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8801/test%EF%BC%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%E5%9B%BE%E6%89%80%E7%A4%BA">http://localhost:8801/test，结果如下图所示</a></p>
<img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfk4jcxdmsj318g0b2q4j.jpg" alt="image-20200607230534468" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>然后我们可以快速刷新这个页面，来看一下流控效果，如下图所示：</p>
<img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/007S8ZIlgy1gfk4kwmwtpj318k0a2760.jpg" alt="image-20200607230714253" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>页面返回了<code>Blocked by Sentinel（flow limiting）</code>,意思就是说，请求被sentinel阻止。说明我们设置的流控规则已经生效了。</p>
<p>我们这个时候也可以访问<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:8801/app">http://localhost:8801/app</a> （没有设置流控规则），然后多刷新页面几次，会看到每次请求都是成功的。</p>
<p>这里就不过多演示其它功能，操作还是比较简单，小伙伴可以自行操作。</p>
<h2 id="对比Hystrix"><a href="#对比Hystrix" class="headerlink" title="对比Hystrix"></a>对比Hystrix</h2><p>这里简单对比一下hystrix：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hystrix </p>
<ol>
<li>需要我们自己手工搭建监控平台</li>
<li>没有一套web界面可以给我们进行更加细粒化配置流空，速率控制、服务熔断、服务降级等。</li>
</ol>
<p>Sentinel</p>
<ol>
<li>单独组件，可以独立出来。</li>
<li>直接界面化细粒度的统一配置。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>本文简单介绍了sentinel的使用和搭建过程，总体来说还是很简单的。</p>
<h2 id="源码地址"><a href="#源码地址" class="headerlink" title="源码地址"></a>源码地址</h2><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/fengfujie25/cloud-ailibaba/tree/master/apps/sentinel-server">github</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/maomaov5/cloud-ailibaba/tree/master/apps/sentinel-server">gitee</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>spring cloud alibaba小白系列搭建教程:</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.im/post/5eb81b165188256d9c25aa57">spring cloud alibaba小白教程系列之(一)-Nacos服务的注册与发现</a>	</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.im/post/5ec9475ff265da76eb7ffde2">spring cloud alibaba小白教程系列之(二)-Nacos配置中心</a></li>
</ul>

                
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    var searchFunc = function (path, search_id, content_id) {
        'use strict';
        $.ajax({
            url: path,
            dataType: "xml",
            success: function (xmlResponse) {
                // get the contents from search data
                var datas = $("entry", xmlResponse).map(function () {
                    return {
                        title: $("title", this).text(),
                        content: $("content", this).text(),
                        url: $("url", this).text()
                    };
                }).get();
                var $input = document.getElementById(search_id);
                var $resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
                $input.addEventListener('input', function () {
                    var str = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
                    var keywords = this.value.trim().toLowerCase().split(/[\s\-]+/);
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = "";
                    if (this.value.trim().length <= 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    // perform local searching
                    datas.forEach(function (data) {
                        var isMatch = true;
                        var data_title = data.title.trim().toLowerCase();
                        var data_content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "").toLowerCase();
                        var data_url = data.url;
                        data_url = data_url.indexOf('/') === 0 ? data.url : '/' + data_url;
                        var index_title = -1;
                        var index_content = -1;
                        var first_occur = -1;
                        // only match artiles with not empty titles and contents
                        if (data_title !== '' && data_content !== '') {
                            keywords.forEach(function (keyword, i) {
                                index_title = data_title.indexOf(keyword);
                                index_content = data_content.indexOf(keyword);
                                if (index_title < 0 && index_content < 0) {
                                    isMatch = false;
                                } else {
                                    if (index_content < 0) {
                                        index_content = 0;
                                    }
                                    if (i === 0) {
                                        first_occur = index_content;
                                    }
                                }
                            });
                        }
                        // show search results
                        if (isMatch) {
                            str += "<li><a href='" + data_url + "' class='search-result-title'>" + data_title + "</a>";
                            var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "");
                            if (first_occur >= 0) {
                                // cut out 100 characters
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                                var end = first_occur + 80;
                                if (start < 0) {
                                    start = 0;
                                }
                                if (start === 0) {
                                    end = 100;
                                }
                                if (end > content.length) {
                                    end = content.length;
                                }
                                var match_content = content.substr(start, end);
                                // highlight all keywords
                                keywords.forEach(function (keyword) {
                                    var regS = new RegExp(keyword, "gi");
                                    match_content = match_content.replace(regS, "<em class=\"search-keyword\">" + keyword + "</em>");
                                });

                                str += "<p class=\"search-result\">" + match_content + "...</p>"
                            }
                            str += "</li>";
                        }
                    });
                    str += "</ul>";
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = str;
                });
            }
        });
    };

    searchFunc('/search.xml', 'searchInput', 'searchResult');
});
</script>

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